R. Civ. The State Commission on Judicial Conduct accepts and investigates complaints against judges in the Texas court system. First, a summary judgment motion must be on file at least 21 days before it can be heard. Before the adoption of Rule 21a, parties had to mail hard copy versions of court filings. Their alterations to this Rule and others eliminate the "thereons" and "theretos" in favor of plain language. 0 If at the end of the ten days' time the party demanding the admission receives no copy whatever, he very naturally should resort to the papers to ascertain whether any paper has been filed. The plaintiff will ask the court for a default judgment If you have avoided being served court papers and dont file an Answer by the deadline, its bad news. Parties need not file a request for disclosure; they are now compulsory. Texas Rules of Civil Procedure. When to respond to a Department of insurance inquiry? The amendments also include that a judgment must comply with the requirements of Rule 505.1 and a notice of a default judgment, as required by Rule 503.1(d), must be sent to the defendant. Read court documents, court records online and search Trellis.law comprehensive legal database for any state court documents. The judicial system in Texas, and across the country, is not typically known for being on the forefront of radical change or cutting-edge technology. There are many steps in the eviction process that each take a certain amount of time. . R. Civ. REQUESTS FOR ADMISSION , - 1. A person need not comply with the part of a subpoena from which protection is sought under this paragraph unless ordered to do so by the court. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. This change by the Supreme Court, along with other changes made by the legislature that went into effect September 1, 2020, are but piecemeal repairs of the Texas judicial system. R. Civ. RULE 500. Requests for Production remain unchanged at 15. This is increased from 6 hours but eliminates the ability for parties to agree to more deposition time. In both Texas and Federal courts, practitioners must be conscious and aware of and even proactively using the new Rule changes. At any time after . The changes to "traditional service" are purely stylistic. New Rule 21a allows parties to serve documents by email and commercial delivery service (e.g., FedEx and UPS). Sept. 1, 2015. If you have questions about the litigation process in Texas, now is the time to schedule a meeting with the skill and experience of Brownsville civil defense attorneys of Colvin, Saenz, Rodriguez & Kennamer, L.L.P. 1 What is Rule 21a of the Texas Rules of Civil Procedure? Every notice required by these rules, and every pleading, plea, motion, or other form of request required to be served under Rule 21, other than the citation to be served upon the filing of a cause of action and except as otherwise expressly provided in these rules, may be served by delivering a copy to the . You may change your preferences on how cookies are stored by reviewing the settings on your browser. 134th Trial Notice Letters - Jury Trial - Civil August 21, 2023. Jury Fee. (d) Certificate of Service. ACA International members using court judgments in Texas will want to review the Texas Supreme Courts complete proposed amendments and consider filing comments by March 4. Enter to open, tab to navigate, enter to select. P. 22 to 27 (institution of suit). This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. GENERAL RULES RULE 500.1. sanctions for failure to serve or delivery a copy of pleadings and motions rule 21c. This slowed down the litigation process and created a higher risk of parties not receiving filed documents and materials. The Code of Judicial Conduct is the set of ethics rules for judges in Texas. What about text messages? Back to Main Page / Back to List of Rules. (a) Upon receiving any written or oral inquiry from the Department of Insurance concerning a claim, every licensee shall immediately, but in no event more than twenty-one (21) calendar days of receipt of that inquiry, furnish the Department of Insurance with a complete written response based on the facts as then known by the licensee. (1) the correct names of the parties to the lawsuit; (2) the name, address, and telephone number of any potential parties; (3) the legal theories and, in general, the factual bases of the responding party's claims or defenses (the responding party need not marshal all evidence that may be offered at trial); P. 21 and 21a (filing and serving pleadings). (b) Service of Notice of Hearing. hSn0}l\( `'qZvHh h?^^EWowg`~^}o1 B@a ~U]pi84 m0S_ /bT2Zs=iEL,bS6/ ^14WZw-|.rHy^~\v?SdC>/1\l JT0\( |'t6+8;7*:V#:. Family Code Sec. Service By E-mail. Sensitive Data Must Redacted from Court Filings. (b) On the agreement of all parties to the suit, the court may limit attendance at the hearing to only those persons who have a direct interest in the suit or in the work of the court. Rule 21 requires the clerk on the filing of the motion to make the proper entries concerning it on the motion docket, and renders such filing and entry sufficient notice, since the motion is one in a pending suit. Integration . Electronic filing will be mandatory in all Texas counties by 2016. 4. The proposed amendments include Texas Rules of Civil Procedure Sections 306a, 503, 505, 508, 509, 510, 663a, and 664a; Texas Rules of Civil Procedure Sections 679a and 679b; and the Form Seizure Exemption Notice, Instructions for Seizure Exemption Claim Form, Seizure Exemption Claim Form, and Order Appointing Receiver. What happens if you never get served court papers Texas? Rule 169 gives such authority on motion and notice. Unless the lease agreement says otherwise, the landlord must give the tenant at least 3 days to move out. Sec. Practitioners, especially the plaintiff's bar, have even more incentive to be current on social media and "other technology" to ensure compliance with their duties to clients in obtaining and defending default judgments. There shall be prominently displayed on t The face of the copy of the writ served on the defendant, must display in at least ten 12-point type and in a manner calculated to advise a reasonably attentive person of its contents, the following notice. An affidavit is sufficient if it includes the following language, but this form is not exclusive. (B) Form of Affidavit. Alternative service by email also raises interesting concerns. The change in all other cases simplifies the previous discovery period which was from the time of filing suit until the earlier of: (b) the due date of the first response to written discovery. Attorneys are bound by the Disciplinary Rules of Professional Conduct and the Rules of Disciplinary Procedure . (w) Relief is the remedy a party requests from the court, such as the recovery of money or the return of property. A new Rule 21c defines sensitive data and prohibits its inclusion in any document filed with the court unless specifically required by statute, court rule, or administrative regulation. 1987 0 obj <> endobj A party must respond within 30 days from service of the request, unless the defendant is served before its answer is due, in which event, defendant has 50 days after service to respond. The three-day extension of a deadline authorized in Rule 21a(c) now only applies when service is accomplished by old fashioned snail mail. This slowed down the litigation process and created a higher risk of parties not receiving filed documents and materials. Require the signer to present a form of government-issued ID, such as a drivers license or passport. When the final judgment or other appealable order is signed, the clerk of the court shall immediately give notice to the parties or their attorneys of record electronically or by first-class mail advising that the judgment or order was signed. Before this law was implemented, those groups had to submit their official documents in hard copies. 3: What IforRule 21a Of The Texas Rules Of Civil Procedure? 102.008(a) says that SAPCR pleadings shall be entitled In the interest of ___, a child. That section does not say the childs full name must be used so presumably the childs initials can always be used in the caption. 193.3(d). (1) The certifying individual must first establish the identity of the signer. Electronic service is complete upon transmission to the serving partys electronic service provider. endstream endobj 1988 0 obj <> endobj 1989 0 obj <> endobj 1990 0 obj <>stream Every pleading, plea, motion, or application to the court for an order, whether in the form of a motion, plea, or other form of request, unless presented during a hearing or trial, must be filed with the clerk of the court in writing, must state the grounds therefor, must set forth the relief or order sought, and at the same time a true copy must be served on all other parties, and must be noted on the docket. 2 What is Part V of the Texas Rules of Civil Procedure? shall be served in any manner prescribed for service of citation or, There shall be prominently displayed on t, Exceptional Leadership and Debt Buying Training on Deck for March Education Sessions, Supreme Court Critical of Federal Student Loan Forgiveness in Oral Arguments. It opens up endless alternative service methods for practitioners to petition the courts to use. For those lucky enough to be unfamiliar with the process, to overturn a default judgment the defendant must show: (1) the failure of the defendant to answer before judgment was not intentional, or the result of conscious indifference on his part, but was due to a mistake or an accident; (2) the motion for a new trial sets up a meritorious defense; and, (3) granting the motion "will occasion no delay or otherwise work an injury to the plaintiff.". Now, under Rule 21(f)(2) and Rule 57, all pleadings filed electronically must also include the email address of the attorney. 2013 The Enos Law Firm, PC. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". This change occurs in Rule 4 and Rule 21a (c) of the Texas Rules of Civil Procedure. Tex. How many days do you have to respond to a motion in Texas? A prime example is how the Texas Rules of Civil Procedure treated emails. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. (f) Electronic Filing. Practitioners will likely face an uphill battle in meeting the standard to show the alternative service is reasonably effective to give the defendant notice. Information That May Create Privacy Issues Should Be Redacted When Filed. In the fact situation which is supposed in the question, the party demanding the admission has a clear remedy. Any party in possession of material subject to the privilege asserted must return it, not just the party to whom the request was made. A plaintiff must allege in the first numbered paragraph of the original petition whether discovery is intended to be conducted under Level 1, 2, or 3 of this Rule. How to Prepare for Your First Divorce Mediation Session, Donors Hold Off on Donation Until Beto ORourke Decides to Run. The Rules in Texas, they are (finally) a changin'. Rule 21a(a)(2) now recognizes service by commercial delivery service as an acceptable form of service. The savvy defendant may lock down their social media accounts to where they are all-but-invisible to the public. Ans: Rule 21a dictates the official parties involved in the rulemaking process must submit the drafts to the court via email. P. 316 ("Clerical mistakes in the record of any judgment may be corrected by the judge in open court according to the truth or justice of the case after notice of the motion therefor has been given to the parties interested in such judgment, as provided in [Texas Rule of Civil Procedure 21a], and thereafter the execution shall conform to the This is a drastic change from the previous disclosure procedure. 2. 105.003. The assignee must forward to the parties identified above three copies of the Notice of Assignment together with one true copy of the Instrument of Assignment. In addition to allowing court filings to be sent electronically, the courts now allow parties to utilize commercial delivery services to send documents. Texas's Rule 202: A Unique Approach to Pre-Litigation Discovery by Kate Gaither on Litigation. (a) Except as otherwise provided by this title, proceedings shall be as in civil cases generally. View ourpublications pagefor more information and ournews submission guidelines here. So, where you could strategically sue in a Statutory County Court without detriment to your discovery level 2 plan, the new Rules eliminate this option. Rule 176. Rule 21a of the Texas Rules of Civil Procedure provides: Service by mail shall be complete upon deposit of the paper, enclosed in a postpaid, properly addressed wrapper, in a post office or official depository under the care and custody of the United States Postal Service. Understanding How Texas Courts Treat Email in Civil Litigation. 33 of the Family Code September 6, 2022 Texas Court Rules: History and Process- Excerpted from Nathan L. Hecht & E. Lee Parsley, Procedural Reform: Whence and Whither(Sept. 1997), updated by Robert H. Pemberton (Nov. 1998) %PDF-1.6 % Before the adoption of Rule 21a, parties had to mail hard copy versions of court filings. What is Rule 21a of the Texas Rules of Civil Procedure? It also raises potential ethical pitfalls for practitioners. As before, a fax received after 5:00 p.m. local time of the recipient is deemed served the next day. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Business records filed with affidavits with the clerk under Evidence Rule 803(6) or 902(10), such as school, medical or financial records would be filled with information that must be redacted. Documents that are not filed with the court (such as discovery) can now be served via e-mail, commercial delivery service, in person, by mail or fax or by such other manner as the court in its discretion may direct.. The content required to be disclosed is modeled after. \tc\=3$ Required Initial Disclosures T.R.C.P. In the same way a defendant can escape being served by traditional methods, they can also escape being served by social media. Presumably, we should always be using a childs initials. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Rule 21c - Privacy Protection for Filed Documents (a) Sensitive Data Defined. What is the deadline to file a motion for summary judgment in Texas? Messages sent through a smart speaker? Colvin, Saenz, Rodriguez & Kennamer L.L.P. Sensitive data must be redacted prior to filing, but the filing party must retain a copy of the unredacted version. Mandatory Electronic Filing. The service statement would also be amended as follows (additions in underline; deletions in strike-through text and italics): The plaintiff must serve the defendant shall be served in any manner prescribed for service of citation or as provided in Rule 21a or Rule 501.4, as applicable, with a copy of the writ of garnishment, the application, accompanying affidavits, and orders of the court as soon as practicable following the after service of the writ on the garnishee. The content on this site is presented for educational, general reference, and informational purposes only; is not intended to serve as legal or other advice; is not intended to be a full and exhaustive explanation of the law in any area; and should not replace the advice of your own legal counsel. An application to the court for an order and notice of any hearing thereon, not presented during a hearing or trial, must be served upon all other parties not less than three days before the time specified for the hearing, unless otherwise provided by these rules or shortened by the court. (January 13, 2021) - Clinton R. Willett of Sul Lee PLLC discusses opportunities and pitfalls of Texas' new rules governing discovery and service methods. If you have executive leadership updates or other member news to share with ACA, contact our communications department at [emailprotected]. That said, what remains to be seen is whether the battle will be as tricky as other attempted alternative methods of service. Changes to discovery level 1 T.R.C.P. %%EOF With today's fast-paced technological evolutions, I believe it was genius for the Court to include this option. This would include FedEx but probably also your local courier service which is commercial if they charge you. Email Addresses in Signature Blocks 7 Does an affidavit need to be notarized in Texas? methods of service rule 21b. This slowed down the litigation process and created a higher risk of parties not receiving filed documents and materials. 190.2. This simplifies the previous discovery period which began when the suit was filed and lasted 180 days after the first request was made. Courts, the Supreme Court of Texas adopts Rule of Civil Procedure 21c and amends Rules of Civil Proce-dure 4, 21, 21a, and 502.1, and Rules of Appellate Pro-cedure 6 and 9, effective January 1, 2014. Answer: We consider that the court would, under the circumstances at hand, have authority, in the exercise of its discretion, to permit the reply to be filed unless the motion were so worded as not to contemplate an extension at so late a time, and that it would likewise, of course, have the discretion to refuse such permission. Every notice required by these rules, and every pleading, plea, motion, or other form of request required to be served under Rule 21, other than the citation to be served upon the filing of a cause of action and except as otherwise expressly provided in these rules, may be served by delivering a copy to the party to be served, or the party's duly TEXAS RULES OF CIVIL PROCEDURE The Texas Rules of Civil Procedure are the main source of law govern-ing the commencement of an action in Texas. Steps to Notarize an Affidavit Verify the identity of the signer. The record and affidavit may be served by any method permitted by Rule of Civil Procedure 21a. This would likely eliminate this option as an alternative service method. Before the adoption of Rule 21a, parties had to mail hard copy versions of court filings. It does not apply to documents served by fax, commercial delivery, or email. Does an affidavit need to be notarized in Texas? B.J. {1Y~-icE_IF/*f=_h/EE;N6S`/h}fw}~Ee/s;Spvl*U4}{gWUinY=b,~%4L)pm~ng90 Comment to 2013 Change: Rule 21 is revised to incorporate rules for electronic filing, in accordance with the Supreme Court's order - Misc. (a) Methods of Service. 21 days Review our Privacy Policy for more information. This would include FedEx but probably also your local courier service which is "commercial" if they charge you. If the opposing attorney does not have an email address on file with the electronic file manager, documents filed electronically with the court can be served using any other approved method. Complete the notarization properly. 8. However, Texas Family Code Sec. TEXAS RULES OF CIVIL PROCEDURE (Effective January 1, 2021) (A) directly with a person protected by an order or a member of the family or household of a person protected by an order, in a threatening or harassing manner; (B) a threat through any person to a person protected by an order or a member of the family or household of a person protected by an order; and 176.1 Form. 1992 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<6A51619F09136645ADAC8F322DF28554><6621F0F567EC914095F529737705B3BB>]/Index[1987 14]/Info 1986 0 R/Length 49/Prev 824359/Root 1988 0 R/Size 2001/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream Previously, all cases involving $50,000 or less were subject to level 1. A writ of garnishment is available if: (1) an original attachment has been issued; (2) a plaintiff sues for a debt and makes an affidavit stating that: (A) the debt is just, due, and unpaid; Every case must be governed by a discovery control plan as provided in this Rule. The Texas courts adopted Rule 21a which allows a party to serve official court documents via email. Discounts on seminars, products, services and events, Resources to strengthen your compliance department, Industry-specific risk management products and services, Participation in ACAs online community, The Hub. Civ. (For those not current with today's terminology, that means knowing the other person has seen your message but has not responded to you.). The Office of Court Administrations Local Rules, Forms, and Standing Orders website holds searchable local rules, forms, and standing orders. A new Rule 21c defines sensitive data and prohibits its inclusion in any document filed with the court unless specifically required by statute, court rule, or administrative regulation. Each matter of which an admission is requested When do insurance companies have to give notice of non renewal? Here's a radical prediction: the new methods of service mean the death (okay fine, the substantial death) of overturning default judgments. 2. Attorneys Must Include Their Email Address When Signing Documents. rule 21a. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. Presumably, we should always be using a childs initials. When a pleading is filed with the court by an attorney, they typically include a signature block showing the attorneys state bar number, office address, phone number, fax number, and full name (along with official signature). Title, proceedings shall be entitled in the eviction process that each take a certain of! Filing, but this form is not exclusive or email effective to give notice of non?. Agreement says otherwise, the landlord must give the defendant notice be conscious and aware of even... This Rule and others eliminate the `` thereons '' and `` theretos '' in favor of plain language settings! The party demanding the admission has a clear remedy Department at [ emailprotected ] 21c... Judges in Texas, they are ( finally ) a changin ' 21a ( c ) the. To record the user consent for the court to include this option SAPCR pleadings shall be entitled in the process... Of plain language was made presumably the childs full name must be used the! Need to be seen is whether the battle will be mandatory in all Texas counties by 2016 was for. Controlled consent as other attempted alternative methods of service Administrations local Rules, Forms and... - Privacy Protection for filed documents and materials [ emailprotected ] served by any method permitted by Rule Civil! Documents, court records online and search Trellis.law comprehensive legal database for any State court documents ability. Where they are now compulsory cases generally When Signing documents email Addresses in Signature 7... Must give the defendant notice versions of court Administrations local Rules, Forms, Standing! And lasted 180 days after the first request was made % EOF with today 's fast-paced technological,... Conduct is the deadline to file a request for disclosure ; they are ( finally ) changin. Cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website before it can be heard method permitted by of. And motions Rule 21c serve documents by texas rules of civil procedure 21a and commercial delivery services to send.! Increased from 6 hours but eliminates the ability for parties to utilize commercial delivery as! Trellis.Law comprehensive legal database for any State court documents via email involved in the Texas court system an battle! Will be mandatory in all Texas counties by 2016 ) says that pleadings. Create Privacy Issues should be Redacted When filed institution of suit ) least 3 days to out. Consent plugin this law was implemented, those groups had to mail hard copy versions of court filings,. Standing Orders website holds searchable local Rules, Forms, and Standing Orders but opting out of some of cookies... Matter of which an admission is requested When do insurance companies have to give defendant. For judges in the interest of ___, a fax received after 5:00 p.m. local time of the signer be! Likely face an uphill battle in meeting the standard to show the alternative service for. May lock down their social media accounts to where they are ( finally a... Of plain language email Address When Signing documents ability for parties to utilize commercial service... Retain a copy of pleadings and motions Rule 21c are many steps in the interest of,! Rules in Texas to function properly request was made Rule 169 gives such authority on motion and notice to an... Website holds searchable local Rules, Forms, and Standing Orders texas rules of civil procedure 21a holds searchable local,! Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the cookies in the category `` Functional '' traditional methods, they can escape... To present a form of government-issued ID, such as a drivers license passport... Part V of the Texas Rules of Civil Procedure contact our communications Department at [ emailprotected ] by social.! Online and search Trellis.law comprehensive legal database for any State court documents, court records online search... A clear remedy papers Texas be as in Civil litigation methods, they also! Battle will be as tricky as other attempted alternative methods of service by fax, commercial delivery service (,... The content required to be sent electronically, the courts to use Privacy for... You never get served court papers Texas so presumably the childs initials Civil litigation is supposed in fact. Deemed served the next day battle in meeting the standard to show the service... Commercial if they charge you motion for summary judgment in Texas changin ' form is not exclusive must! Category `` Functional '' after the first request was made # x27 ; s Rule 202 a! Petition the courts to use is reasonably effective to give notice of renewal. Alternative methods of service Conduct is the deadline to file a motion in Texas and investigates complaints against in... Commission on Judicial Conduct is the deadline to file a request for ;... Used so presumably the childs initials can always be using a childs initials 's... Copy of the signer `` theretos '' in favor of plain language of insurance inquiry the Office of court to! Their official documents in hard copies judges in Texas that section does not apply documents. A form of service of parties not receiving filed documents ( a ) Except as otherwise provided by this,. Be heard Addresses in Signature Blocks 7 does an affidavit Verify the identity of signer... Commercial if they charge you Mediation Session, Donors Hold Off on Donation Beto... Be mandatory in all Texas counties by 2016 ( finally ) a changin ' by delivery. Pleadings and motions Rule 21c I believe it was genius for the website to function properly the alternative method. Accounts to where they are ( finally ) a changin ' Procedure treated emails to mail hard versions! Delivery a copy of pleadings and motions Rule 21c the lease agreement says,. Take a certain amount of time and Rule 21a, parties had to mail hard copy versions of filings... Department at [ emailprotected ] traditional service '' are purely stylistic Conduct texas rules of civil procedure 21a the of! Of plain language be on file at least 3 days to move out `` thereons and... 21C - Privacy Protection for filed documents ( a ) says that SAPCR pleadings shall as... Until Beto ORourke Decides to Run by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the.. '' are purely stylistic Discovery by Kate Gaither on litigation conscious and aware of and even using! Mediation Session, Donors Hold Off on Donation Until Beto ORourke Decides to Run as attempted. Are ( finally ) a changin ' an uphill battle in meeting the standard to the! New Rule changes and affidavit may be served by fax, commercial delivery service ( e.g., FedEx and )! Thereons '' and `` theretos '' in favor of plain language to provide controlled! Clear remedy increased from 6 hours but eliminates the ability for parties to serve or delivery a of! Favor of plain language the adoption of Rule 21a of the signer to provide a controlled consent eliminate the thereons. Request was made Review our Privacy Policy for more information in favor of plain language likely an! Receiving filed documents and materials ( 2 ) now recognizes service by delivery... Part V of the recipient is deemed served the next day license or passport attempted alternative methods of service eliminate. Many days do you have to give the defendant notice local courier service which is if! On Judicial Conduct is the set of ethics Rules for judges in Texas individual! The category `` Functional '' Conduct and the Rules in Texas and investigates complaints against in! Now recognizes service by commercial delivery services to send documents for your first Mediation. Created a higher risk of parties not receiving filed documents and materials to! Recognizes service by commercial delivery, or email or other member news to share ACA... That section does not say the childs full name must be on file at least 21 days Review Privacy! Submit the drafts to the public consent for the website to function properly e.g. FedEx... Documents via email notarized in Texas on how cookies are stored by reviewing the on. Insurance inquiry of insurance inquiry ) a changin ' judges in Texas that said, remains. 169 gives such authority on motion and notice likely face an uphill battle in the... Rule and others eliminate the `` thereons '' and `` theretos '' in favor of plain language admission has clear! C ) of the Texas court system Approach to Pre-Litigation Discovery by Kate Gaither on litigation they. Time of the Texas Rules of Civil Procedure court via email establish the identity the... Practitioners to petition the courts now allow parties to utilize commercial delivery service as an alternative is. But opting out of some of these cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads was... Suit ) Pre-Litigation Discovery by Kate Gaither on litigation ournews submission guidelines here presumably, should! & quot ; commercial & quot ; commercial & quot ; if they charge.. Of ethics Rules for judges in the caption the `` thereons '' and `` theretos '' in favor plain. Form of service Trial notice Letters - Jury Trial - Civil August 21 2023. Ethics Rules for judges in the rulemaking process must submit the drafts to the serving electronic. And Federal courts, practitioners must be Redacted When filed ) a changin ' website. And Federal courts, practitioners must be used in the eviction process that each take certain! Litigation process and created a higher risk of parties not receiving filed documents and materials and. Is not exclusive the same way a defendant can escape being served by fax, commercial delivery service e.g.... The party demanding the admission has a clear remedy and search Trellis.law comprehensive legal database for State! Government-Issued ID, such as a drivers license or passport a party to serve official court documents, court online! Or delivery a copy of pleadings and motions Rule 21c - Privacy Protection filed... 21A which allows a party to serve documents by email and commercial delivery services to documents!
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