A person who wants something and has reason to be optimistic is likely to be highly motivated. Theory X Abraham Maslow. Managers with Theory X attitudes hold that subordinates dislike work, avoid work if they can, and show little ambition. 4. An average employee seeks responsibility to become more motivated. Consider the same example discussed above, assuming the same manager now follows McGregors Theory Y of motivation and believes in decentralization. Our mission is to foster educational excellence. Which of the following is an unethical or illegal behavior Kelsey may exhibit to equalize the situation? There is a real risk of failure in the workplace if managers do not understand their workers behavior. His work is isolating, so he decides to join the knitting club that meets in the breakroom to make friends. 2. avoid micromanaging his employees. Many workplaces originally utilized Theory X, which believes that employees are lazy and unproductive. Students have large amounts of creative thinking and innovation that is applied throughout their learning journey. 1. ignore his employee's needs for personal growth. McGregor's X-Y theory is a salutary and simple reminder of the natural rules for managing people, which under the pressure of day-to-day business are all too easily forgotten. Identifying the issue causing the work to suffer will help the manager analyze individual employee needs better. Aliyah, a senior public relations manager, follows McGregor's Theory Y approach to management so she maintains a low level of control and supervision over her employees. DOUGLAS MCGREGOR'S THEORY X AND THEORY Y DOUGLAS MCGREGOR THEORY X McGregor died in 1964, aged 58, but not before making a substantial contribution to the field of manage-ment. 2. by adding more tasks to a job instead of treating each task as separate The test is a simple reflective tool, not a scientifically validated instrument; it's a learning aid and broad indicator. Definition: The Theory X and Theory Y are the theories of motivation given by Douglas McGregor in 1960's. These theories are based on the premise that management has to assemble all the factors of production, including human beings, to get the work done. Douglas McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y. 5. McGregor makes the point that a command-and-control environment is not effective because it relies on lower needs for motivation, but in modern society those needs are mostly satisfied and thus are no longer motivating. Each level, or type of human need, can only be achieved if all of the levels below are satisfied, starting with basic needs at the bottom. And this is the essence of managing upward X-Theory managers - focus and get agreement on the results and deadlines - if you consistently deliver, you'll increasingly be given more leeway on how you go about the tasks, which amounts to more freedom. Which of the following options is likely to be most effective for retaining employees who are trying to juggle their work duties with other responsibilities and needs? While McGregors theory was developed to improve motivation in the workplace, it has been recently used in the school system. Job rotation The capacity for creativity spreads throughout organizations. Most people are not ambitious, have little desire for responsibility, and prefer to be directed. Esperanza oversees the production line at a car manufacturer. This arrangement is called: 3. IvyPanda, 11 May 2022, ivypanda.com/essays/maslows-hierarchy-and-mcgregors-x-and-y-theory/. 5. the average worker prefers to be directed. A)the traditional view of management.B)the humanistic view of management.C)Herzberg's hygiene factors.D)Herzberg's motivational factors.E)the equity theory. 5. Motivational Model - What is Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs? This is an incorrect collective assumption. Therefore, it often cannot push employees to perform better. The Three Needs Theory, also known as need theory, is the best-known theory of David McClelland,, Read More McClellands Three Needs Theory: Power, Achievement, and AffiliationContinue, Victor Vroom at the Yale School of Management was the first to put forward the Expectancy, Read More Expectancy Theory of MotivationContinue, Businesses and organizations have long sought for answers on how to boost employee production, and therefore,, Read More Herzbergs Motivation-Hygiene Theory: Two-factorContinue. Experienced professionals require a Theory Y management style, as they are capable of making the right decisions. E)the equity theory. An authoritative management style can hamper employee learning, building, and development. The principles that guide our practices also demonstrate this alignment: There are also a bunch of practices that bring the assumptions of Theory Y into shape and form part of the context of teams. Mr. McGregor postulated 2 theories on human management and leadership which are Theory X and Theory Y. Anderson 3PL, a logistics company, allows employees to work on a flextime schedule. McGregor himself pointed out that there are situations in which Theory X might be an alternative in some situations, just as Theory Y might not be a good choice in others. Managers following this theory encourage their team members to participate in different activities. The average person prefers to be directed; avoid responsibility; is relatively unambitious, and wants security above all else. They marked the beginning of a concern for human relations in the workplace. To achieve the desired performance, the manager will appoint rewards and punishments and set a rulebook of directions. He referred to these opposing motivational methods as Theory X and Theory Y management. Theory X is the negative theory that focuses on supervision, and Theory Y is the positive theory that focuses on rewards and recognition. After employing a particular theory, monitor its performance. are not intrinsically motivated. Instead of punishing the employee or associating a reward with work, the manager will allow them to collaborate with others and find solutions that fulfill the team members self-actualization, self-esteem, and social needs. These cookies do not store any personal information. Theory X is the negative theory that focuses on supervision, and Theory Y is the positive theory that focuses on rewards and recognition. 3. The workforce, increasingly multigenerational, seeks new relationships not only with the brands they consume, with their employers as well. T or F, Olivia loves her job as a software engineer. Avoiding confrontation (unless you are genuinely being bullied, which is a different matter) and delivering results are key tactics. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the need for love, companionship, and friendship and the desire for acceptance by others are a part of ________ needs. 1. 4. candidate's answer in order to merit the assigned marks. 4. These do not require any motivation to work. 2. 1. Theory Z Maslow's hierarchy of needs 5. Jobs are more satisfying when employees are provided with greater perks. 2. The theory assumes that employees are lazy and cannot make decisions. 5. 4. telecommuting. McGregors Theory X and Theory Y explained. This theory creates a negative environment that instills fear, underconfidence, and insecurity. People will apply self-control and self-direction in the pursuit of organisational objectives, without external control or the threat of punishment. Fig. Students are not motivated to learn new information. They need little to no direction, and hence using Theory X may demotivate them and even damage personal and professional relationships between the manager and the team members. 5. flextime. . McGregor made the connection between the two models by stating that Theory X is consistent with meeting basic needs, such as physical and safety needs, while Theory Y is consistent with meeting higher-level needs, such as self-actualization and love. If an employee is not motivated, the manager will provide the employee with more responsibility and authority. 1. recognition It takes into consideration, the pessimistic behaviour of an average human being, who is less ambitious and inherently lazy. To McGregor, a steady supply of motivation seemed more likely to occur underTheory Y management. What does this scenario highlight about laid-off workers in terms of Maslow's hierarchy of needs? On the other hand, managers who adopt Theory Y assumptions shape systems where trust in people is one of the central pillars. Students are naturally predisposed to learn. They failed to incite change. In contrast to Theory Y, McGregor suggested that conventional managers assume that people are lazy (which he called Theory X), avoid responsibility, and need coercion and control. In this system, people are basically reduced to what they produce and their performance indicators. Managers have many assumptions about their employees in Theory X: Many of these assumptions are based on basic physical needs. A. physiological and security needs B. security and social needs C. social and esteem needs D. esteem and self-actualization needs E. physiological and esteem needs Theory X and Theory Y are most closely associated. The average human being prefers to be directed, wishing to avoid responsibility. B. the humanistic view of management. In this way, the manager will change their management style into a participative or decentralized style to instill higher self-belief in their team members. 2. when a company shortens the work hours through the week to avoid layoffs. 1. 1. a flexible scheduling strategy. The XY Theory diagram and measurement tool below (pdf and doc versions) are adaptations of McGregor's ideas for modern organisations, management and work. 2. They led to the belief that nothing will motivate workers who To a relatively high degree, the ability to exercise the imagination, talent, and creative spirit in solving organizational problems are distributed, and not sparsely, among people. You can use them for inspiration, an insight into a particular topic, a handy source of reference, or even just as a template of a certain type of paper. 2. Theory X and Theory Y are still referred to commonly in the field of management and motivation, and whilst more recent studies have questioned the rigidity of the model, Mcgregor's X-Y Theory remains a valid basic principle from which to develop positive management style and techniques. D. Herzberg's motivational factors.E. All of the following are benefits of this type of scheduling except it: Therefore most people must be forced with the threat of punishment to work towards organisational objectives. 5. a system that allows employees to choose to work part of a week from home. Douglas McGregor's conceptualization of Theory X and Theory Y has influenced management practices for almost six decades, despite the relative paucity of empirical support. This book describes the development of two new theories X and Y. The next part of McGregors theory is Theory Y. According to managers who adopt McGregor's Theory X: A. people enjoy work. reward is the sole motivator for workers. However, employees can be most productive when their work goals align with their higher-level needs. Moving Motivators, for example, suggests meaningful reflections on what motivates people and how context changes influence what motivates us most. Both of them refer to a new style of management and human motivation. 4. micromanaging employees. He referred to these opposing motivational methods as Theory X and Theory Y management. Each week she schedules posts for Instagram and Facebook and reports engagement data to her manager. IvyPanda. His major writings are cited along with two volumes which were actually published several years after his death by Bennis, Caroline McGregor, and Schein. While money may not be the most effective way to self-fulfillment, it may be the only way available. Your email address will not be published. 5. challenging employees. It reduces security risks. Results-driven and deadline-driven, to the exclusion of everything else, Issues threats to make people follow instructions, Unconcerned about staff welfare, or morale, Proud, sometimes to the point of self-destruction, Fundamentally insecure and possibly neurotic, Withholds rewards, and suppresses pay and remunerations levels, Scrutinises expenditure to the point of false economy, Seeks culprits for failures or shortfalls, Seeks to apportion blame instead of focusing on learning from the experience and preventing recurrence, Takes criticism badly and is likely to retaliate if from below or peer group, Poor at proper delegating - but believes they delegate well, Holds on to responsibility but shifts accountability to subordinates, Relatively unconcerned with investing in anything to gain future improvements, Theory X managers (or indeed Theory Y managers displaying Theory X behaviour) are primarily, Theory X managers generally don't understand or have an interest inhumanissues, so don't try to appeal to their sense of humanity or morality, If an X Theory boss tells you how to do things in ways that are not comfortable or right for you, then don't question the process, simply. McGregor stressed that Theory Y management does not imply a soft approach. Morale. In strong contrast to Theory X, Theory Y managementmakes the following assumptions: Under these assumptions, there is an opportunity to align personal goals with organizational goals by using the employees own need for fulfillment as the motivator. 1. Selena is a programmer for a streaming company. I'd say Ewan Mcgregor since he was originally gonna play strange in 2016 and + he still had the beard since he was playing obi wan the same years . E. the equity theory. The approach focuses on persuading employees to complete work by motivating them with incentives and punishing them if they cannot complete the task. How much people are willing to contribute to an organization depends on their assessment of the fairness, or equity, of the rewards they will receive in exchange. Guha starts a new job as a programmer at a telecommunications company. Which of the following is a major difference between the Theory X and Theory Y views of management? Aliyah is likely to assume that: 3. extrinsic reward E. William Ouchi. 3. uses workstations and facilities better by staggering employee use. Retrieved from https://ivypanda.com/essays/maslows-hierarchy-and-mcgregors-x-and-y-theory/. First, all managers have a theory of human work motivation. 5. ignore the physiological needs of his employees. Douglas McGregor influenced the study of motivation with his formulation of two contrasting sets of assumptions about human naturedesignated Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X and Theory Y was first proposed in 1960, by Douglas Mcgregor. . Most people are gullible and unintelligent. By clicking Accept, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. 1. decrease in productivity regardless of supervision Difference between the Theory assumes that employees are provided with greater perks the school system with formulation! 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