At the going down of the SUN, AND in the MORNING; WE WILL REMEMBER THEM, WE WILL REMEMBER THEM!! On December 12 1939, she collided with a destroyer, the HMS Duchess, sinking her in the mishap. Barham was herself was struck twice during the "Run to the South": the first was a 28.3-centimetre (11in) shell from von der Tann that failed to do any damage when it hit the waterline armour and the battlecruiser SMSLtzow fired a 30.5-centimetre (12in) shell that detonated in the aft superstructure. After a delay of several weeks the War Office notified the next of kin, but they added a special request for secrecy: the notification letters included a warning not to discuss the loss of the ship with anyone but close relatives, stating it was "most essential that information of the event which led to the loss of your husband's life should not find its way to the enemy until such time as it is announced officially"[98] Following repeated claims by German radio,[99] the Admiralty officially announced the loss on 27 January 1942 and explained that, it was clear at that time that the enemy did not know that she had been sunk, and it was important to make certain dispositions before the loss of this ship was made public. This meant that the 5th Battle Squadron and the light cruisers were the sole targets available for the German ships until after his turn, although the worsening visibility hampered both sides' shooting. A salvo of torpedoes from a German submarine struck from close range on HMS Barham on November 25, 1941 in the Mediterranean. The battle was known as "Operation Crusader" to the British, the 2nd (British) Offensive to the Italians, and as the 'Winterschlacht' (winter battle) to the Germans. The 5th Battle Squadron concentrated their fire on the German battleships after losing sight of the battlecruisers, with Barham opening fire at 18:14. Before leaving the Bridge to make my attempt to escape, the conning tower of a submarine surfaced about one hundred and fifty yards from the port side, and remained exposed for perhaps half a minute before the U boat dived again. Print This Page. After returning to port, Jellicoe issued an order that prohibited risking the fleet in the southern half of the North Sea due to the overwhelming risk from mines and U-boats unless the odds of defeating the High Seas Fleet in a decisive engagement were favourable. They and the sacrifice they made will never be forgotten. The Grand Fleet sailed with 29 dreadnoughts and 6 battlecruisers while the Germans mustered 18 dreadnoughts and 2 battlecruisers. For Archive Licensing Enquiries Visit: https://goo.gl/W4hZBv Explore Our Online Channel For FULL Documentaries, Fascinating Interviews \u0026 Classic Movies: https://goo.gl/7dVe8r #BritishPath #History #WWII #Navy #RoyalNavySubscribe to the British Path YT Channel: https://goo.gl/hV1nkf Dramatic Newsreel footage captured the sinking of the Queen Elizabeth Battleship. Despite the majority of the wreck lying some 75m below the . She was briefly deployed to Haifa in May 1936 at the beginning of the Arab revolt in Palestine. This increased her metacentric height to about 7 feet (2.1m) at deep load, despite the increase in her deep displacement to 35,970 long tons (36,550t). The British battleships then switched targets to bombard the harbour and Richelieu. [47] On the evening of 18 August, the Grand Fleet put to sea in response to a message deciphered by Room 40 that indicated that the High Seas Fleet, minus II Squadron, would be leaving harbour that night. [22], Barham joined the Grand Fleet at Scapa Flow the next day and participated in a fleet training operation west of Orkney during 25 November. It is also renowned for the shocking footage shown on Pathe News and more recently watched almost two million times on YouTube recording the listing ship being blown to pieces when its magazine exploded. On 21 April, the Grand Fleet conducted a demonstration off Horns Reef to distract the Germans while the Russian Navy relaid its defensive minefields in the Baltic Sea. [79] She was briefly assigned to Force H, before she was transferred to the Mediterranean Fleet in November 1940. All interested parties are warmly in. 203, 205, Jellicoe, pp. After temporary repairs at Scapa, Barham was sent to Cromarty Firth for more permanent repairs in the floating dry dock there that lasted until 23 December. The translated detailed report of the attack by U-331 can be found at this link. [53] The ship was relieved as flagship by Revenge in June[54] and she was ordered to Palestine in August where her crew helped to suppress rioting in Haifa and also operated the Haifa-Jerusalem railroad. Casualties: 861. This is my first written account of the fateful day, and of my recollections of some of the circumstances before and after the catastrophe since I prepared a Report on the sinking shortly after the event for the Royal Naval Authorities at Alexandria, Egypt. David Mearns, who has found some two dozen major wrecks for insurers and TV companies, says the Athenia's hull is visible in sonar data acquired by the Geological Survey of Ireland. HMS Barham was one of five Queen Elizabeth -class battleships built for the Royal Navy during the early 1910s. During this refit, the aft superstructure was rebuilt and the torpedo-control tower and its rangefinder were removed, together with the aft set of torpedo tubes. Throughout the next day, Jellicoe and Vice-Admiral Reinhard Scheer, commander of the High Seas Fleet, received conflicting intelligence; after reaching the location in the North Sea where they expected to encounter the High Seas Fleet, the British turned north in the erroneous belief that they had entered a minefield. [62] On 12 December, she accidentally rammed one of her escorts, the destroyer Duchess, in thick fog nine miles (14km) west of the Mull of Kintyre. Over the course of a century, it documented everything from major armed conflicts and seismic political crises to the curious hobbies and eccentric lives of ordinary people. Jan Lettens 02/08/2012. Craske), the Admiral and S.W.O. Life on the Line Podcasts Underwater protection was improved by the addition of torpedo bulges. A new beautiful success. Spiritualism: A Critical Survey. ! Poem by Rudyard Kipling. Beatty then ordered Evan-Thomas to turn his ships in succession to follow the battlecruisers three minutes later. She was hit six times during the battle, five times by 30.5cm shells and once by a 28.3cm shell, suffering casualties of 26 killed and 46 wounded. [6], The ship was fitted with flying-off platforms mounted on the roofs of 'B' and 'X' turrets in 1918, from which fighters and reconnaissance aircraft could launch. She was present when the High Seas Fleet surrendered for internment on 21 November. Our own inner-world is largely unexplored," Mr Mearns told BBC News. VALIANT and WARSPITE in background. "The Moon and Mars are mapped to a greater degree of accuracy than our seabed. [71] Barham's six-inch guns were the first to do so and fired at the French submarinePerse on the surface. HMS Barham underway off Devonport in WW2. "Fearing the impact of the affair on American opinion, the Germans promoted an absurd conspiracy theory, claiming that Winston Churchill, as First Lord of the Admiralty, had been responsible. 101102, 108110, 115116, 134142, Campbell 1986, pp. She was sunk during the Second World War on 25 November 1941 by the German submarine U-331 . HMS Barham was a 35,000-ton battleship built for World War I but had had an extensive refit in the 1930s. Buying out his commission in 1947, he settled down with his late wife, Lilly, whom he had married in All Saints Church, Melton Road, in 1942. The . Something went wrong, please try again later. On the night of 25 March, Barham and the rest of the fleet sailed from Scapa Flow to support Beatty's battlecruisers and other light forces raiding the German Zeppelin base at Tondern. [1] Force B consisted of two cruiser squadrons, 7 and 15, with the cruisers HMS Ajax, HMS Euryalus, HMS Galatea, HMS Naiad, and HMS Neptune, with escorting destroyers. "I saw one of my shipmates in the water and asked him, 'where's the ship?' Print This Page. Richard grew up in Penrith Road, Belgrave, joining the Royal Navy as a boy seaman, aged 15. We also may change the frequency you receive our emails from us in order to keep you up to date and give you the best relevant information possible. This required maximum offensive power and a speed several knots faster than any other battleship to allow them to defeat any type of ship. It is just over 49 years since H.M.S. Read about our approach to external linking. [54] Dalglish was relieved in his turn by Captain Percy Noble on 18 October 1922. The report that it had been found was made in 2017 This find is one that has been anticipated heavily for many years and we are ecstatic to have found it here at Merlin Burrows. The sonar contact matches the dimensions of the Athenia in all details, When she left Liverpool on 2 September, three-quarters of her passengers were women and children, A Punch magazine cartoon: No-one in Britain accepted the German explanation, The Athenia still draws interest because of the many stories associated with the sinking, Built in Glasgow: The city has an exhibition at the Riverside Museum, The five other wrecks David Mearns would like to investigate, At the crash site of 'no hope' - BBC reporter in Greece. HMS Barham floating on side at sea. Germany initially denied involvement fearing the US would join the war. It is just over 49 years since H.M.S. After Free French emissaries were either captured or driven off by the Vichy French, Cunningham ordered his ships to open fire. Required fields are marked *. Admiral Angelo Iachino, commander of the Italian fleet, ordered the two other heavy cruisers of the 1st Division to render assistance to Pola in the darkness. [91] Due to the speed at which she sank, 862 officers and ratings were killed,[54][92] including two who died of their wounds after being rescued. "It was by an air vent from the engine room that was hit and all this smoke came pouring up. "It always takes me back to that day in November 1941," he said. "The Germans were at the gates of Alexandria at that time and we were accompanying destroyers trying to stop their supplies," said Richard, who lives off Groby Road. At 18:17 he realised that Marlborough was actually at the rear of the formation and he ordered a turn to the north to bring his squadron into line behind the Grand Fleet. A fortnight later, she was attacked by the U-30 which put her out of commission for six months with a single torpedo hit. [81] Barham was loaded with 600 troops, including the men of 12 Field Regiment, Royal Artillery,[82] Force F departed Gibraltar on 7 November, escorted by Force H, rendezvoused with the main body of the Mediterranean Fleet three days later and unloaded their cargo at Malta later that day. During the Second World War, a spate of misfortunes had dogged the HMS Barham. The fleet sailed in concert with Rear Admiral Franz von Hipper's five battlecruisers and supporting cruisers and torpedo boats. How surprising were the M3 Grant tanks to the Germans? [18][19][Note 2] Barham cost a total of 2,470,113. Hipper ordered his ships to turn to starboard, away from the British, to assume a south-easterly course, and reduced speed to 18 knots (33km/h; 21mph) to allow three light cruisers of the 2nd Scouting Group to catch up. Completed in 1915, she was often used as a flagship and participated in the Battle of Jutland during the First World War as part of the Grand Fleet. 201202, Edmunds, Simeon. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); The aim of this blog is to accompany the preparation of a complete history incorporating the Axis and Commonwealth perspectives of the Winterschlacht (Winter Battle) in North Africa, November 1941 to February 1942. search wreck . 2 six-inch gun. The secondary armament was primarily controlled by directors mounted on each side of the compass platform on the foremast once they were fitted in July 1917. The full truth only emerged at the Nuremberg Trials. Late in the afternoon of November 24, 1941 WARSPITE, (C. in C.), BARHAM and VALIANT and a screen of nine destroyers sailed from Alexandria to provide heavy gun cover for the Cruisers. First published on Mon 12 Sep 2016 11.41 EDT. During her abbreviated sea trials on 6 July 1916, Barham only reached a mean top speed of 23.91 knots (44.28km/h; 27.52mph). The latter was succeeded by Captain Richard Horne on 1 October. BARHAM was an old timer of the QUEEN ELIZABETH class, and a veteran of the Battle of Jutland. Full title reads: "HMS BARHAM 1914 - 1941". [60] The ship resumed her former role as flagship of the 1st Battle Squadron in February 1938 while undergoing a refit at Portsmouth that lasted until May. The battleship and the other ships of Force F were tasked to ferry troops to Malta, before continuing on to Alexandria. As a result, the operation was confined to the northern end of the sea. They hit Ltzow, Derfflinger and Seydlitz three times each between 17:19 and about 18:05. Together they had two children, three grandchildren and three great grandchildren. Her main guns targeted the port and the battleship Richelieu. She had a normal displacement of 32,590 long tons (33,110t) and displaced 33,260 long tons (33,794t) at deep load. And now within range of the battleships of the 3rd Squadron which opened fire on the 5th Battle Squadron as they made their turn. She was powered by two sets of Brown-Curtis steam turbines, each driving two shafts using steam from 24 Yarrow boilers. En route, Eagle's aircraft attacked Tripoli on 26 November. It is the first wreck in his consultancy career "which I've identified from my armchair, so to speak". Multiple air strikes by Formidable's Fairey Swordfish torpedo bombers damaged the battleship Vittorio Veneto and crippled the heavy cruiser Pola later that evening. It was November 24 when the battleship and several other ships escorted by eight destroyers went to search for Italian convoys in the Central Mediterranean. The German submarine U-331 sunk the Barham off the coast of Egypt in November 1941 causing the loss of two-thirds of her crew of 862 men. She became the flagship of the Mediterranean Fleet on 9 June until relieved by Warspite on 8 February 1938. [3], The Queen Elizabeth class was equipped with eight breech-loading (BL) 15-inch (381mm) Mk I guns in four twin-gun turrets, in two superfiring pairs fore and aft of the superstructure, designated 'A', 'B', 'X', and 'Y' from front to rear. Second World War (1939-1945) Sidi Barrani. Wikipedia. "By the time we got on deck, the ship was listing at a 45 degree angle. [36] His order only applied to his own forces; the 5th Battle Squadron continued south until after it passed Beatty heading northwestwards at 16:51. IWM FL1472. "We had no idea there were U-boats in the area.". He is now involved in efforts to change this. In addition, the rear of the six-inch gun casemates was enclosed by a 1.5-inch (38mm) bulkhead. 219220; Raven & Roberts, p. 359; Shores, Cull & Malizia, pp. The interrogation report following the sinking of U-331 in late 1942 give further detail of the sinking of HMS Barham at this link. "We looked at each other and said, 'right, let's get up top!'. We use your sign-up to provide content in the ways you've consented to and improve our understanding of you. "If I hadn't dived headfirst and knocked myself out, I would be dead, too.". Experience the final moments of the Queen Elizabeth Battleship, HMS Barham, when it was struck by torpedoes from a German submarine during World War II which resulted in a terrifying explosion. Neilson Larry 05/01/2011. The following morning, they were spotted by an aircraft from the carrier Formidable and the Battle of Cape Matapan began. . The gun turrets were protected by 11 to 13 inches (279 to 330mm) of KC armour and were supported by barbettes 710 inches (178254mm) thick. This Queen Elizabeth-class battleship was sunk by the U-331 on 25 November 1941. The following year the UP mount was replaced by a pair of quadruple Vickers 0.5-inch machine gun mounts and another pair of eight-barreled "pom-pom" mounts were added abreast her conning tower. The ship had a range of 5,000 nautical miles (9,260km; 5,754mi) at a cruising speed of 12 knots (22.2km/h; 13.8mph). Senior figures in the German navy were convicted at Nuremberg for war crimes in relation to the Athenia affair. Jones refers to the 861 men listed in the casualty list published by, Burt 2012a, p. 85; Raven & Roberts, pp. She was the flagship of the 1st Battle Squadron and of the Second in Command of the Mediterranean Fleet, 1941. The 92-year-old, from Leicester, miraculously escaped death when the ship was sunk by a German U-boat torpedo off the coast of Egypt on November 25, 1941. Your email address will not be published. "It would be at such resolution that anyone could look for shipwrecks like the Athenia from their desk. Barham was then transferred to the Mediterranean Fleet, where she covered multiple Malta convoys. We've also got a detailed model of the Athenia. This is the only British battleship sunk by the U-boat during this war. All footage can be viewed on the British Path website. Video, At the crash site of 'no hope' - BBC reporter in Greece, Harry and Meghan told to 'vacate' Frogmore Cottage, Fungus case forces Jack Daniels to halt construction, Rare Jurassic-era bug found at Arkansas Walmart, Dozens of girls treated after new Iran poisonings, Man survives 31 days in jungle by eating worms, How fake copyright complaints are muzzling journalists. British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain declared war on 3 September, 1939. The rescue effort by six other ships was nothing short of heroic, according to testimony. The Donaldson Atlantic Line SS Athenia was built in Glasgow and the city's Riverside Museum of transport has an exhibition dedicated to the vessel and the stories surrounding its sinking. A very detailed account by a surviving officer of her loss is at this link. "It was a shocking event," said Riverside curator Emily Malcolm. By this time the 5th Battle Squadron was about seven point five nautical miles (13.9km; 8.6mi) northwest of Beatty. Beatty then altered course to the east, as he was still too far north to cut Hipper off. One of these hits also started several major fires inside the hull. 713 x 435. Fragments from this hit caused flooding that spread throughout the bow, while the ship's speed caused water to enter directly through the hole in the side. I was in H.M.S. David Mearns: "My research rules out all other shipwrecks in this area". On 612 May, she covered the Alexandria-Malta convoy of Operation Tiger. [102], Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}3234N 2624E / 32.567N 26.400E / 32.567; 26.400. The terrifying explosion was caught on film by Path cameraman John Turner who was on an adjacent ship. Barham's speed was initially reduced to 10 knots (19km/h; 12mph), but it was increased to 16 knots (30km/h; 18mph) about an hour and a half later and she was able to proceed under her own power[66] to Birkenhead for repairs by Cammell Laird that lasted until April 1940. U-boat commander Fritz Julius Lemp had mistaken the liner for an armed cruiser and the German naval authorities tried to cover up the sub's actions. Pridham-Wippell), and Squadron Signal Officer of the 1st Battle Squadron. Experience the final moments of the Queen Elizabeth Battleship, HMS Barham, when it was struck by torpedoes from a German submarine during World War II which resulted in a terrifying explosion.. Evan-Thomas turned northeast at around 18:06 and then made a slow turn to the southeast once he spotted the Grand Fleet. She later became the flagship of Force M's commander, Vice-Admiral John Cunningham. Read about our approach to external linking. 2023 BBC. copyrights: Unknown. Merlin Burrows have found and pin-pointed the exact location of the wreck of HMS Barham - a Queen Elizabeth-class battleship built for the Royal Navy in February 1913. Forthcoming Infantrymen of the Air (Italian airborne), George Burling Jarett and the 75mm ammunition challenge. Anniversary Cruise: Sydney under Japanese Attack, Garden Island Northern Hill and Garden Tour, Night of the midget subs Sydney under attack, D-Day commando on Sword Beach by Commander Jim Speed DSC, RAN Part 1, D-Day commando on Sword Beach by Commander Jim Speed DSC, RAN Part 2, D-Day commando on Sword Beach by Commander Jim Speed DSC, RAN Part 3. [85] They opened fire at point-blank range, Barham crippling the destroyer Alfredo Oriani and then joining Warspite and Valiant in crippling Zara. This means that we may include adverts from us and third parties based on our knowledge of you. After some time we came to a Carley float, to which about six of our shipmates were clinging. [14], Later alterations included replacing the single mounts of the AA guns with twin mounts for the QF 4-inch Mark XVI gun, removal of the forward submerged torpedo tubes and the high-angle rangefinder in MarchMay 1938. 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